What financial document shows the net worth of a business by balancing its assets against its liabilities?

The statement of financial situation is the correct choice because it provides a comprehensive snapshot of a company's financial condition at a specific point in time. This document balances the total assets against total liabilities, allowing one to calculate net worth—commonly referred to as equity. By aggregating everything the business owns (assets) and what it owes (liabilities), this statement helps stakeholders understand the overall financial health of the business.

In contrast, an income statement focuses on the company's revenues and expenses over a specific period, illustrating profitability rather than net worth. The cash flow statement outlines the inflows and outflows of cash, highlighting liquidity rather than overall value. A trial balance, while useful in accounting for checking the balancing of ledgers, does not present a comprehensive financial picture of assets versus liabilities in the way that the statement of financial situation does. Therefore, it is the statement of financial situation that effectively communicates net worth through this balance.